Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. Corruption, population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, and HIV/AIDS pose major problems for the country.

Estimates have to take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex.

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